The central dogma is represented by the schematic above. Name the two stages involved in protein synthesis and explain what occurs in each of the two stages. Be sure to also indicate where each process takes place.

The first stage is known as transcription, it refers to a procedure that occurs within the nucleus or in the cytosol in prokaryotes. In the process, DNA functions as a template to transcript its information in generating a new molecule of mRNA that comprises codons, which codes a particular amino acid.

The second stage is translation, in which the molecule of mRNA moves out of the nucleus and get translated in the ribosomes that can be witnessed in the endoplasmic reticulum or in cytosol (in prokaryotes). In the process of translation, the mRNA gets decoded to generate a polypeptide chain, this takes place, when the ribosome instigates the combination of a sequence of tRNA anticodon, which are complementary to the mRNA codons, this instructs the ribosome that which amino acids are required in order to produce the polypeptide chain.

avantikar avantikar · Answer 2 · 2020-02-22T09:02:08+01:00

The two main stages involved in protein synthesis (central dogma) are transcription and translation. The process of transcription and translation occurs in the nucleus and ribosome, respectively. In the translation process, DNA is used as a template, and mRNA is synthesized. In translation, a protein is synthesized by translating the codon.

Further Explanation:

The double-helical structure of DNA is duplicated through a process called DNA replication. Then, the DNA undergoes a process of transcription and form RNA. After this, RNA processing starts with post-translation modification and forms three different types of RNA molecules that are rRNA, tRNA, and mRNA. Transcription mainly occurs in the nucleus of the cell. In this stage, DNA acts as a template and synthesized new mRNA. Then, the formation of protein occurs. After the process of transcription, mRNA goes into the ribosome to synthesize new protein. In TRANSLATION processes, mRNA is converted to protein. Transfer ribonucleic acid is a kind of RNA that helps in decoding a messenger RNA sequence into a specific protein.

In TRANSLATION processes, mRNA is converted to protein, but to translate mRNA, it goes under many processing before into protein, mainly in eukaryotes.

5’Capping: In capping 7, ’methylguanosine is added to the 5’end of the transcription result by joining 5’to 5’phosphate.Capping is done only to protect the nascent mRNA from degradation and help in initiating translation.
3’poly A tail: Around 100-250 residue of adenine nucleotide added to the 3’end of mRNA to maintain the stability of mRNA. Firstly, the 3’end of mRNA is cleaved and makes free 3’OH. Poly-A tail help in transporting the mRNA from the nucleus to cytoplasm for the translation process.

Learn more:

Learn more about mitosis https://brainly.com/question/6462270
Learn more about the menstrual cycle https://brainly.com/question/723944
Learn more about meiosis https://brainly.com/question/94813

Answer Details:

Grade: High School

Subject: Molecular Biology

Chapter: Gene expression

Keywords:

DNA, RNA, replication, double helical, nucleotides, transcription, proteins, translation, mRNA, rRNA, tRNA, RNA, converted, messenger, ribosome, nucleus.