Answer:
Bases turns red litmus paper blue.
Explanation:
Arrhenius theory states a Base is a substance which produces one or more hydroxyl ion or hydroxide ion (OH-) in aqueous solution.
Examples
[tex]KOH(s)>K^+(aq)+OH^-(aq)\\\\Ca(OH)_2 (s)>Ca^{2+}(aq)+2OH^- (aq)\\\\Al(OH)_3 (s)> Al^{3+}(aq)+3OH^- (aq)[/tex]
Please note: (aq) stands for aqueous which means in the presence of water that is, water acts as a solvent.
Bases consists of a cation and hydroxide as its anion in the above examples.
Arrhenius Theory: An acid is a substance which produces one or more hydrogen ions, (H+) in aqueous solution.
Examples:
[tex]HCl(aq)>H^+(aq)+Cl^-(aq)\\\\HBr(aq)> H^+(aq)+Br^-(aq)\\\\H_2 SO_4(aq)>2H^+(aq)+SO_4^{2-}(aq)\\\\H_3 PO_4(aq)>3H^+ (aq)+PO_4^{3-}(aq)\\\\CH_3 COOH(aq)>CH_3 COO^- (aq)+H^+ (aq)[/tex]
Bronsted Lowry Theory:
An acid is a substance that can donate one or more proton
A base is a substance which can accept one or more protons
HA (acid) loses H+ to form A-
B (base) gains H+ to form HB+
