Homologous series: Homologous series is the series in which the functional group of any compound and their chemical properties are similar, the difference between any two successive members is same.
Above homologous series is of Alkanol
[tex] \tiny\sf \: general \: formula \: for \: Alkanol \rightarrow C_nH_{2n+2}O[/tex]
Above homologous series is differed by methylene (-CH2-) group. hence the mass diffrence between them would be the mass of -CH2- group.
[tex] \small \sf \: CH_2 = = 12+1+1 = 14 \: a.m.u. \\ \hline[/tex]
The compound X is next to CH3CH2OH hence, X will have molecular formula CH3CH2CH2OH which is obtained by addition of a methylene group.
[tex]\tiny\: the \: compound \: x \: (n = 3) \: have \: general formula =C_3H_{8}O \\ \small \sf \: The \: molecular \: mass \: of \: X =3 \times 12 + 8 \times 1 + 16 \\ \sf = 60 \: a.m.u[/tex]
The reason behind the highest boiling point of butanol is his molecular mass, the main reason is the surface area, as the molecular mass increases surface area also increases which lead to increase in the vanderwall forces, due to which boiling point of compound increases. the same compound having least solubility is due to lyophilic/Hydrophobic ( tendency to get dissolved in non aqueous solution) increases & solubility of compound in polar solvents decreases.
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