The requirement that a scientific theory must be stated in such a way that it can be tested and disproved if it is indeed wrong is known as _____.

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The requirement that a scientific theory must be stated in such a way that it can be tested and disproved if it is indeed wrong is known as falsifiability

A scientific theory is an explanation for a phenomenon in the natural world or the universe that has undergone extensive testing and verification using approved procedures for observation, measurement, and result evaluation. Wherever possible, theories are put to the test in an experiment with strict controls. The principles of abductive reasoning are used to evaluate theories in situations where experimental testing is not feasible. Established scientific theories represent scientific understanding and have withstood close examination. 

A fact is a straightforward observation, but a law is a statement (typically a mathematical equation) describing the relationship between facts. A scientific theory is different from a scientific fact or law in that it explains "why" or "how."

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