The number of bonding pairs is equal to 3 and the number of lone pairs is 1.
Each atom shares an electron when two atoms join together to create a bond. The electrons involved in this relationship are referred to as the bond pairs of electrons. A lone pair, also known as an unshared pair or a non-bonding pair, is a pair of valence electrons that are not shared with another atom in a covalent bond. Atoms' outermost electron shell contains lone pairs.
Each nitrogen atom in N₂ has three bonding pairs and one lone pair.
Formal charge = Number of Valence Electrons - Number of Lone Electron Pairs - (Number of Bonded Electron Pairs/2) = 5 - 2 - (6/2) = 0
Therefore, each nitrogen atom in N₂ has a formal charge of zero.
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