The polynucleotide strands of DNA are linked along their length by bonds between the bases. The bases in DNA are adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G) and cytosine (C), and they are linked together by a process known as ‘base pairing’.
This is a chemical process whereby the bases on one strand of DNA are attracted to their complementary base on the other strand. A base can only pair with its complementary base, so A pairs with T and G pairs with C. This process is also known as hydrogen bonding and it is this that holds the two strands of DNA together.
The bonds between the bases are relatively weak, but they are strong enough to hold the strands of DNA together. This is important as it allows the DNA to be replicated during cell division, ensuring that the offspring cells have the same genetic information as the parent cell. It is also essential for the process of transcription, where the genetic information stored in DNA is used to make proteins.
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